Irrigation System

Irrigation is the artificial application of water to assist in plant growth and production.
Fertigation is the application of irrigation with water-soluble fertilizer. Any water-soluble fertilizer can be injected through a micro-irrigation system

Micro-irrgation

• low pressure
• low volume
• Suitable for: Vegetables, shrubs, flowers, trees

Favorable because:

• Increase yields
• Decrease water use, fertilizer, labour
• Can be installed on difficult terrain such as slopes, oddly shaped areas, and on windy sites

Example of irrigation system:

• Drip irrigation
• Micro-sprinkler

Micro-sprinkler
Micro-sprinkler produces small droplets with a low flow application rate. It helps to prevent plant stress by maintaining low water tension in the soil, using a low flow application rate.

• Nozzles available in 1L/2L/5L/10L per hours 
• Flow rate: 5-50GPH
• Diameter: 3-30'

Drip irrigation 
Drip irrigation is the slow application of water directly to the plants' root zone in a predetermined pattern. The advantage is that no water is wasted on non-growth areas, the root zone is maintained at its ideal  moisture level, combining the proper balance of water and air. 

Drip Tape
Drip tape is a flat tape with drippers pre-inserted in a spacing of 20/30/40cm to suit the plant spacing The drip tape expands when the water passes through it. It is highly recommended to be used with a pressure regulator and a filter
Suitable for: Vegetable crops grow in a row where total saturation of coverage is desired
Flow rate: 2-5L per hour

System Layout and Equipment 
Micro-irrigation systems consist of a head or head assembly and a distribution network.
The head or head assembly consists of a controller, pump (if required), backflow device, filter, pressure gauges, fertilizer injector and pressure regulator.
The fertilizer injector is optional but highly recommended; the controller is necessary only if the system is to be automated.

Micro-irrigation distribution networks consist of:

• Mainline pipes usually made of PVC
• Sub laterals made of polyethylene (PE)
• PVC fittings
• Drip fittings (barb, compression or spin-lock)
• Drippers
• Emitters
• Micro-sprinklers

Landscape Sprinkler Irrigation Design Tutorial

I read about the irrigation design tutorial by Jess Stryker and i find it very useful! http://www.irrigationtutorials.com/landscape-sprinkler-system-design-tutorial/

Here's an outline of what he covers in the tutorial: 

Step #1 Collect information

• Measure your yard
• Water source and measure its pressure

Step #2 Select your equipment

• Select sprinkler equipment and determine pressure losses
  
  • Water meter
  • Mainlines
  • Valves
  • Elevation pressure loss
  • Sprinkler heads
  • Laterals
  • Types of sprinkler risers

• Make adjustment
  
  • Making pressure loss adjustments to balance the system

Step #3 Place sprinkler heads

• Determine the sprinkler spacing and the correct nozzles to use

Step #4 Create valve zones and draw in pipes

• Identify hydro-zones, create valve zones, draw the sprinkler piping

Step #5 Lateral pipe size

• Calculate the size for each lateral pipe in the irrigation system.

Step #6 Finished!

Detailed information here: http://www.irrigationtutorials.com/landscape-sprinkler-system-design-tutorial/